Natural disasters such as drought have significant implications for affected societies, forcing them to adjust their patterns of life or to develop coping mechanisms. However, some of these adjustments can potentially expose the affected population to other harmful phenomena such as human trafficking. This study attempts to establish a link between drought and human trafficking in the context of drought instigated displacement and migration. It embraces the assumption that drought in the context of migration and displacement contributes towards vulnerability to human trafficking when an affected population adopts negative coping mechanisms such as taking the risk of moving to unknown destinations or condoning child labour. However, the study established that the relationship between drought and human trafficking is by no means straightforward; that being a scenario in which factor A results in effect B. Drought contributes towards vulnerability to human trafficking through a combination of other conditions. When those specific conditions are missing, drought becomes less influential on vulnerability to human trafficking. These conditions include the presence of conflict and socio-cultural environment – such as a population’s dependency on a single type of economic activity, lack of necessary infrastructure, and limited presence of state institutions.